Democracy’s Missing Infrastructure: Why Europe Keeps Reaching for the Security Toolkit

European Conventional Arms Control: Past and Future

A conventional war and a new Cold War settled across Europe when Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022. When the Cold War ended in 1991, optimists hoped, history had ended with the cessation of major power rivalries that had plagued the continent for over a millennium.

The risks of Europe’s reliance on U.S. defense products – and how to address them

Many EU member states remain dependent on the U.S. for critical defense capabilities, leaving Europe vulnerable to U.S. production constraints, shifting arms transfer priorities, and the risk that the Trump administration uses arms exports as political leverage in relations with European allies.

Creating Visions of Future War: Storytelling as a Tool for Strategic Foresight

Students from Leiden University’s ISGA and Institute for History explored the future of war through speculative storytelling. Blending research, theory, and creative writing, the project showed how imagination can sharpen strategic foresight and challenge conventional thinking about conflict.

Balancing Act: The Complexities of a "Coalition of the Willing" in Ukraine

As a coalition of the willing is preparing to send a multinational observer force to Ukraine, we should be careful with the terms we use to discuss this mission. Comparisons to UN peacekeeping are problematic and should be avoided.